Neutral atom

Pasqal

Pasqal, based in France, builds quantum processors from individual neutral atoms held in programmable two- and three-dimensional patterns by tightly focused laser beams. Qubits interact when lasers push the atoms into large, highly excited states. So far its machines have mainly been used for simulation and optimisation tasks, sold both through cloud services and as systems installed at customer sites such as supercomputing centres. The company's stated next step is moving from these early machines to error-corrected logical qubits.

publicly listed company (Pasqal Holding SA, listed on Nasdaq as PSQL after its merger with the SPAC Bleichroeder Acquisition Corp. II completed on 27 August 2026) · Based in France · Since 2019 · Facts checked 27 October 2026

Where it ranks this month

Best place in each race, from QubitBenchmark release 2026-11.1.

All rankings →

Most accurate–No ranked result Error-corrected qubits–No ranked result Most qubits–No ranked result Fastest–No ranked result Use it today–No ranked result

Machines

Machine	Physical qubits	Introduced	How to use it
Orion Gamma	140	–	cloud (Pasqal Cloud); dedicated on-premises or HPC-centre deployment
Aramco system, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia)	200	2025	on-premises at Aramco; Pasqal says it also provides cloud-based access in Saudi Arabia
SOL at CINECA, Bologna (Orion-family QPU)	140	2026	on-premises at CINECA, integrated with the Leonardo supercomputer
Fresnel (listed as an Azure Quantum target)	100	–	Azure Quantum
Vela (announced, not yet confirmed shipped)	256	2026	not publicly available

Qubit counts as the company reports them. Our rankings use QubitBenchmark's checked results instead.

Promised vs delivered

What Pasqal has said it would build, and what happened.

All roadmaps →

Milestone	Target	Status	Why we say so
Ship a 100+ qubit neutral-atom computer to end users	2024	Delivered	Pasqal's hardware page lists an Orion system deployed at Jülich (Jade) in November 2024, and a 140-qubit system was later delivered to CINECA, Italy. Source
10,000-qubit system with scalable logical-qubit architecture	2026	Slipped	Pasqal's June 2025 roadmap moved the 10,000-qubit direction to around 2028, and its largest reported register in H1 2026 was 1,024 atoms. Source
Orion Gamma, third Orion generation, 140+ physical qubits	end of 2025	Delivered	Orion Gamma (140+ qubits) is listed on Pasqal's hardware page, and a 140-qubit Orion system was inaugurated at CINECA in June 2026; reports do not confirm the exact Orion Gamma ship date, so it may have arrived after end-2025. Source
1,000 physical qubits (atoms) demonstrated	end of 2025	Delivered	Pasqal reported defect-free registers of 1,024 atoms in its H1 2026 results (company-reported, published September 2026), so this came in 2026, after the end-2025 target; it is an atom-array result, not a 1,000-qubit computing system. Source
2 logical qubits	2025	Unclear	Pasqal's January 2026 blog says logical qubits were demonstrated on neutral-atom hardware in 2025 and shown live in early 2026, but gives no paper or detail confirming Pasqal's own 2-logical-qubit result. Source
Quantum advantage demonstration on an industry-relevant problem (250-qubit QPU)	end of Q1 2026 (roadmap page); 'first part of 2026' (2025 roadmap); 'before mid-2026' (January 2026 blog)	Slipped	The target date passed without a published, independently checked advantage result; in September 2026 the CEO said Pasqal 'can deliver quantum advantage on meaningful applications today' but cited no benchmark. Source
Vela QPU (200+ / 256+ qubits)	2027 (2025 roadmap); launch in 2026 (January 2026 blog)	Due this year	The January 2026 blog says Vela launches in 2026 with over 256 qubits; no source found confirming it has shipped as of October 2026. Source
20 logical qubits	2027	Unclear	Stated in the June 2025 roadmap; no later progress statement found. Source
Centaurus, early fault-tolerant system (500+ qubits)	2028	Unclear	Pasqal's hardware page lists Centaurus with 'targeted availability for users: 2028'; no progress evidence. Source
Lyra fault-tolerant system with 100 high-fidelity logical qubits	2029	Unclear	Stated in the June 2025 roadmap; the 2026 roadmap page now cites 200+ logical qubits by 2029 instead. Source
200+ logical qubits	2029 (2026 roadmap page); 2030 (June 2025 roadmap)	Unclear	The current roadmap page states the goal of 200+ logical qubits by 2029, a year earlier than the 2025 roadmap; no progress evidence. Source

Recent claims, and how far the evidence has got

Preprint 256-qubit one-to-one quantum simulation of the frustrated magnet TmMgGaO4, matched against laboratory measurements of real crystals (run on Orion Beta QPUs) Source
Announced Defect-free registers of 1,024 atoms (double its earlier 506) and a full machine-learning application run on logical qubits that outperformed the physical-qubit version Source
Announced CEO says Pasqal can 'deliver quantum advantage on meaningful applications today' Source

In other organisations' rankings

Where Pasqal appears in other published rankings and lists. They don't change ours.

All of them →

The Quantum Index Report 2026, MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy (MIT Sloan), in collaboration with Accenture (2026-10). Transparent, sourced and openly licensed data, but it measures activity (patents, funding, press releases) rather than how well the machines perform.
CB Insights ESP matrices: Quantum computer makers (neutral atoms, photonics, silicon qubit, superconducting circuits, trapped ions), CB Insights (2026). Based on market and business signals, not machine performance. Vendors can brief CB Insights, and most placements are hidden behind a subscription.

Sources

Pasqal home page, Pasqal
Roadmap, Pasqal
Hardware, Pasqal
Pasqal releases 2025 roadmap, Pasqal, 12 June 2025
Inside Pasqal's 2026 vision on quantum for industry and research, Pasqal, 29 January 2026
Pasqal aims for 10,000 qbit quantum computer in 2026, eeNews Europe, 12 March 2024
Pasqal Holding SA, Form 6-K Exhibit 99.3 (H1 2026 condensed consolidated financial statements), U.S. SEC, 23 September 2026
Pasqal Holding SA, Form 20-F shell company report, U.S. SEC
Pasqal first-half 2026 financial results, The Quantum Insider, 24 September 2026
Pasqal Reports First Half 2026 Financial Results (press release), GlobeNewswire via FinancialContent, 24 September 2026
Saudi Arabia Deploys Its First Quantum Computer with Aramco-Pasqal Partnership, The Quantum Insider, 24 November 2025
Pasqal inaugurates Italy's first neutral-atom quantum computer at CINECA supercomputing center, Quantum Computing Report, 11 June 2026
One-to-one quantum simulation of a frustrated magnet with 256 qubits (arXiv:2603.20372), arXiv, 20 March 2026
List of quantum computing providers on Azure Quantum, Microsoft Learn, 23 April 2026