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The companies
Who is building quantum computers, how their approaches differ, where they rank this month, and whether they deliver what they promise.
Neutral atom
Atom Computing builds gate-model quantum computers from neutral ytterbium atoms trapped in grids of laser light. It stores information in the atoms' nuclear spin, which...
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Annealing · Superconducting
D-Wave is best known for quantum annealers: superconducting machines with thousands of qubits built for one job, finding low-energy answers to optimisation and...
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Superconducting · Neutral atom
Google Quantum AI, part of Alphabet, builds superconducting quantum chips in its own fabrication facility in Santa Barbara, California. Its current processor, Willow, has...
Ranked in 2 of 5 races
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Superconducting
IBM builds superconducting quantum processors on silicon wafers and runs them in its own data centres and at partner sites, offering access through the IBM Quantum cloud...
Ranked in 3 of 5 races
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Trapped ion
IonQ builds trapped-ion quantum computers and sells both cloud access, including through Amazon Braket, and systems installed at customer sites. Its earlier machines...
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Topological · Neutral atom
Microsoft's quantum programme pursues topological qubits, which would store information in unusual states called Majorana zero modes inside tiny...
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Neutral atom
Pasqal, based in France, builds quantum processors from individual neutral atoms held in programmable two- and three-dimensional patterns by tightly focused laser beams....
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Photonic
PsiQuantum, based in Palo Alto, California, is trying to build a large error-corrected quantum computer that uses single particles of light (photons) as qubits. Its chips...
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Trapped ion
Quantinuum builds trapped-ion quantum computers: single charged atoms, held in place by electric fields inside a vacuum, act as qubits and are shuttled around a chip so...
Ranked in 4 of 5 races
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Neutral atom
QuEra, founded by Harvard and MIT physicists, builds quantum computers from single rubidium atoms held in place by focused laser beams. Atoms can be moved around during a...
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Superconducting
Rigetti builds gate-model quantum computers from superconducting circuits that run at temperatures near absolute zero. Its main design choice is modularity: rather than...
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Photonic
Xanadu, based in Toronto, builds photonic quantum computers that encode information in pulses of light travelling through chips and optical fibre. It uses an...
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